The seed has undergone tremendous changes in the body. Seed sowing is an important process of plant propagation, planting flowers and plants directly affect the success of the production of results. Let us work together to understand what is the seed, seed germination of external conditions and grow into seedlings after seed germination process.
First, what is the seed?
leave the maternal plant seeds when the plant's young body had been in the seed inside. When the seeds finally meet the right external conditions, can germinate. At the same time the seed embryo, has also been a series of changes, grows into a new generation of plant roots, stems and leaves. So the seed is the birth place of the body young plants.
Second, the external conditions of seed germination
1, seed germination must have sufficient water
dry little seed moisture content, generally only 5 of the total weight of seeds % -10%, in such conditions, the seeds of life activities are impossible, so the first condition for seed germination is to absorb adequate moisture, seeds only after absorbing enough water to make the little seeds active life . After seed soaking, softening the hard seed coat, water, seeds stored in the decomposition of organic nutrients. Embryo and endosperm after absorbing water, the volume increases, the soft seed coat in the embryo and endosperm rupture of oppression, radicle, plumule break the seed coat, seed germination. In addition, the seeds can absorb moisture in the atmosphere germination. If the atmospheric humidity is very high, reached saturation point, the mature seeds or in the air in the plant germination, such as kale seed germination is sometimes in the bag.
2, seed germination
have the appropriate temperature during seed germination, seed a series of changes occurred in the body, should in a variety of enzymes as catalyst to complete. The enzymes needed at the right temperatures, so the proper temperature is a necessary condition for seed germination. Seed germination temperature requirements, showing three basis points, namely, the minimum temperature, maximum temperature and optimum temperature. Minimum and maximum temperature are the two limits, below or above the minimum temperature is the highest temperature, the loss can make the seed germination capacity, only the optimum temperature for seed germination is the ideal temperature conditions.
different seed germination, the different requirements of temperature, this type of plant growth in an area (north or south) the result of long-term adaptation by the plant's genetic determined. Understand the optimum temperature for seed germination, can be combined with plant growth and development of properties, select the appropriate planting season.
3, seed germination have enough oxygen
seed germination, you need enough air, it is because seed germination, seed cells in various parts of speeding up metabolism, these activities is the need of energy, energy sources can only be produced through respiration. Therefore, seed germination, one of the conditions of oxygen is also necessary, especially in the early germination, seed respiration is very strong, greater oxygen demand. Tillage before crop planting, seed germination is to provide the oxygen needed to breathe, very important.
for seed germination, the above three conditions are indispensable. The general relationship between seed germination and little light, both in darkness or normal lighting conditions. However, a few seeds, in the light of the conditions necessary to good germination; the contrary, a small number of seeds, only in darkness to germinate. For these plants, we must first understand the needs of its optical germination, and then arranges a suitable breeding sites. There are soil acidity, seed germination there is a certain relationship. General seed in the neutral, slightly acidic or slightly alkaline conditions, the germination is good. PH too high seed germination in general negative.
Third, the process of seed germination into seedlings
1, seeds absorb enough water from the outside world, the original dry, hard seed coat gradually softened. Steady flow of water continues to penetrate the endosperm and embryo cells, and showed the whole seed swelling due to water absorption, and finally bursting the seed coat.
2, seed germination nutrients, have been stored in the seed formation in the endosperm or cotyledons. Therefore, seed germination, is consumed their own nutrition.
3, the seed embryo cells within this part of the nutrients absorbed through cell growth and division, so that the radicle, plumule, hypocotyl to grow up quickly. These activities require the growth of energy, through a part of seeds from the oxidation of organic matter, so when the seeds germinated, they need plenty of oxygen for respiration.
4, after the series of the growth process, the seed radicle and plumule grow up quickly, in general, the radicle first breakthrough soft seed coat, exposing the seeds, then grow downward to form a taproot.
5, radicle out soon, the corresponding axes of the cells growth and elongation, the germ or embryo together with the introduction of cotyledon soil surface. Introduction of the germ axes soil surface, the embryo development of plant stems and leaves for the new system.
6, now, one able to live all the young plants grow into, this is the seedling. Can be seen, starting from seed germination to the formation of this phase of seedling growth, mainly depends on the seeds of the ready-made organic nutrients for nutrition to embryo grow into independent living young plants. Therefore, the seeds have been bred a new generation of young plant body, the body of this child is the embryo.
germination of different flowers on the water requirements of
dry: Aster, Calendula, Coreopsis, cosmos, dahlia,cheap UGG boots, decoration Ju, zinnia, phlox, Verbena , larkspur
in: Ageratum, Hornsey ball, carnation, cockscomb, Coleus, Dianthus, silver leaf chrysanthemum, geranium, peony leaves, six times the benefits, pine needles peony, petunia, poppy, patula, of spring, snapdragon, violet, sage, Eustoma, amaranth, ornamental tomato, ornamental pepper
wet: begonias, impatiens, pansy, flower buttercup , periwinkle, Sinningia, C. Jin, cyclamen after sowing the seed moist with a fine spray (small household watering can.)
management after sowing two most important one is the temperature,UGGs, one humidity. Temperature should be controlled at the desired temperature inside the flower planting. Early after sowing should maintain a high humidity. After the planting container with agricultural film (the thinnest) and fixed coverage, the main role is to maintain humidity, not placed in the sun, avoid the greenhouse effect, making the film temperature rise, thermal die kinds of buds. Water situation still requires the Department of soaking method low. Early to maintain high humidity and suitable temperature. Transferred between germination after budding. CAUTION: planting area to prevent rodent happen!
management after bud sprouting until most of the seeds, immediately remove the film. The fertilizer concentration is generally in the 1800-1500 period times. Most of the two true leaves fully expanded, seedlings strong enough can be used under the premise of the upper water fog. Encounter two adjacent blades, portable one. Part of the flower can be directly on the basin, most of the flowers need to transplant to larger containers. Seedlings can not see the direct light, especially light. To add a black shade cloth. To be fully expanded cotyledons, you can make a little dry point matrix to facilitate contact with air and better root growth. When the air humidity is too much we are faced with continuous rainy weather, the need to strengthen the internal light and ventilation. Sunny weather caused by high temperature spray cooling and shading to pay attention. This period can begin casting 2000 times of water-soluble fertilizer. Rapid growth stage: seedlings growing attention, timely watering, fertilization. Found it necessary to spray leggy CCC. Water management requires a process of wet and dry cycles. Beneficial to root development and prevent excessive growth. Some varieties have the phenomenon of bad hat, hat man needs,UGG shoes, such as cyclamen, sunflowers, dahlias and so on. Artificial hat must be carried out after watering. This period can be pouring 1800-1500 times the water-soluble fertilizer. Six common method of flower seeds for
1, agent to treat a variety of flower seeds pharmaceutical treatment, rinse clean, primed to Lu Bai can be planted.
(1) use of 0.2% thiourea solution treatment: leaf peony, pine needles peonies and so on.
(2) treatment with 0.2% potassium nitrate solution: Antirrhinum majus, Impatiens, Marigold, cosmos, amaranth, drunk butterfly flower, pansy, petunia, Yu beauty, fire bud grass.
(3) using 25 × 10 (the negative power of 6) ga solution treatment: a string of red, petunia, Hebao flowers.
(4) using 100 × 10 (the negative power of 6) ga solution treatment: zinnia, cyclamen, begonias, Sinningia, primrose, a string of red.
2, temperature treatment:
(1) low temperature: Ancient thin, Gods, flowers Ling grass at 5 ℃ temperature for 3 days, you can successfully germinate.
(2) Warming: 24-hour cycle of temperature changes, petunia at 20 ℃ 18 小时, 30 ℃ 6 hours or 20 ℃ 16 小时, 30 ℃ 18 hour period dealt with under variable temperature conditions, black and wild species to the red in the past 20 ℃ 8-hour treatment cycle variable temperature conditions.
3, warm water treatment: cyclamen, begonias and other seeds soaked in warm water at 45 ℃ for 10 hours, drained germination, can be successfully germinate.
4, water treatment: coconut type of plant seeds, scalded with boiling water treatments, it can successfully germinate.
5, stratification method: Rosaceae seeds placed on moist soil cultivation 5 ℃ 90-100 days, you can successfully germinate.
6, light processing:
(1) good optical light for the good seed, such as: conyzoides, Hornsey ball, Begonia, Begonia, tuberous begonia, impatiens , snapdragon, sage,UGG boots clearanc, summer sprouts, etc., with good light transmission quality materials as planting media, such as: vermiculite, perlite.
(2) too too light for the light of the seed, planting, place in the dark (light to move in time after budding place) or full casing, such as: geese to red, butterfly flower, Fluke test, periwinkle, black grass, marigold, marigold, Tagetes patula, Verbena, Viola tricolor and so on.
common seedling diseases
seedling diseases are damping-off, blight and root rot, are common garden plants during seedling diseases caused by Si Miao, Lan Miao even seedbed destruction, loss more serious.
features three main symptoms of seedling diseases Rhizoctonia root rot disease incidence of seedling damping-off seedlings excavated in early seedlings, large parts of seedlings seedling stem base disease Tai seedling stem base characteristics of root and stem symptoms in Ministry of early disease was Shuizi Zhuang, brown, gradually constricted shrunk to linear, soft, skin shedding, easy to lodging seedling disease disease would generate oval, dark brown spots, lesions gradually depression, extended a week around the stem, Finally, shrinkage, dry, dead wilt disease caused by the Ministry of stems and leaves early Shuizi Zhuang, brown, soft rot, not constriction, vascular changes are also brown, later the Department of Zaoxiu-like disease, seedling wilt disease died of an illness wilting rapid development when the cotyledons are still green show wilting, seedling disease is lodging, so called , so called cotton wool mycelium humidity, disease ministers out of sparse, light brown, spider-like hyphae humidity, disease ministers out of the mold layer of pale pink sparse occurrence law:
1, seedbed management: seedbed management inappropriate, such as planting too close, thinning is not timely, excessive water temperature caused by large beds, such as the uneven heating of bed temperature fluctuated, both negative growth of saplings, easy to induce disease occurrence. Poor insulation, such as clay soil seedbed weight, high water table, is also easy to cause disease occurrence.
2, weather conditions: impact of disease in seedlings is a major factor in seedbed soil temperature and humidity conditions, and also related to climate conditions.
for most of the seedlings growth temperature of 20-25 ℃, soil temperature is 15-20 ℃. At this point seedlings grew well, resistance to disease; the other hand, the temperature is not suitable for easily induced diseases. Should rain or snow, light of beds, bed temperature is too low, below 15 ℃ in long-term, adverse seedling growth, damping-off disease prone. On the other hand, a higher bed temperature, while weak leggy seedlings, damping off and root rot are prone.
for mechanical air and humidity are important diseases. In particular, damping-off and root rot.
adequate light, strong photosynthesis, the robust growth, resistance to disease; the other hand, seedling growth, weakness, light green leaf color, disease resistance difference is easy to disease. While the sun still sterilization.
seedlings have to absorb the life of CO2, exhaled O2, ventilation seedbed, seedling growth can normally inhibit the disease; ventilation adequate seedbed moisture can be reduced to reduce the disease.
3, the host of the growth period: the depletion of nutrients in seedling cotyledons grow new roots and young stems have not yet ---- seedlings when the cork of the susceptible stage of the weakest resistance to disease, particularly most sensitive to the damping-off. New root development and soil temperature and nutrients related to higher soil temperature and nutrient make up the new rooted quickly, otherwise slow. New root is not solid, easy to grow true leaves, seedlings nutrient consumption is resistance to disease is also weak. If the rainy weather at this time, not business photosynthesis, and respiration increase, the increased nutrient consumption, weak plant growth, enabling bacteria invade, causing severe disease occurred.
control measures:
seedbed should be taken to strengthen the cultivation and management, nurturing seedlings seedlings enhanced resistance to disease-based, supplemented by a comprehensive chemical control measures.
seedbed should choose the higher ground, sun, good drainage of land; Chuangtu the best selection of new disease-free soil; such as using old bed, Chuangtu should be disinfected before sowing. Planting should be uniform, not too close; casing to be moderate. Once before sowing to play foot of water, avoid Chuangtu humidity. Seedlings a little older, sunny day at noon should be properly hardened leaked to enhance resistance; also do insulation work to prevent and reduce seedling cold resistance. Seedbed temperature not lower than 12 ℃. After a homogeneous seedlings, seedlings should be early hours, remove disease, weak seedling to prevent the disease spreading.
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